Organic food availability has increased over the past few years in the marketplace. Now they can easily be found in not only health food stores like Whole Foods, but also in your basic, more generic stores and even places like WalMart and Target.  Organic foods are generally more expensive than non-organic foods, which can turn many people off from purchasing them, so read on to learn about the benefits of eating organically, and which foods should top your organic to-buy list.

Why eat organic?

Whether or not organic food are more nutritious has been a long on-going debate.  However, recent studies suggest that organically grown plant products contain more minerals and antioxidants then conventionally produced products. Producing organic food is also better for the environment.  Environmental benefits of organic production include improved soil organic matter, reduced energy use, reduced pesticide residues in food and water, and lower nutrient pollution.

Why is organic food more expensive?

Due to a smaller production scale and higher labor costs, organic foods tend to cost more at the grocery store.  However, you may notice when certain fruits and vegetables are in-season, the organic to non-organic price is fairly similar.  Focus on eating organic fruits and vegetables that are in season to avoid the high mark-up.   Refer to the website fruitandveggiesmorematters from the Produce for Better Health Foundation for lists of foods that are in season monthly and year-round.

What does organic mean on a food label?

In order to use the term “organic” on a food label, specific guidelines must be met as defined by The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program.  These guidelines ensure that all organic meat, dairy, eggs, and poultry came from animals that were given no antibiotics or hormones. Plant-based foods can be labeled USDA organic seal of approval, like pictured above, as long as they are grown without most pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage fertilizers, bioengineering or ionizing radiation.

What are the different levels of organic claims on food labels?

A product will be labeled “100% organic” as long as it is completely organic or made from completely organic ingredients.  The USDA allows foods to be labeled “organic” as long as 95% of the ingredients are organic.  By law, products can be labeled “made with organic ingredients” as long as it is made from 70% organic ingredients.  However, you will not find the USDA organic seal on these food labels.

The Dirty Dozen & the Clean Fifteen

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) is a non-profit research team whose mission is to use the power of public information to protect public health and the environment.  EWG accomplishments include helping to ban BPA plastic in baby bottles, reform toxic chemical laws, and fighting for safer tap water.  The EWG also helps determine which produce is the greatest  contaminated and which is the least contaminated by pesticides in the US.  The produce found to be the most contaminated make up the “dirty dozen” list and is recommended to be purchased organic, washed, and eaten.  The “clean fifteen” list of foods are those that are the least-contaminated and deemed O.K. to eat non-organic by the EWG.  You may notice that the foods on the “clean fifteen” list tend to have thicker skins that are either peeled or tossed away before being eaten.  The hard exterior of foods like watermelon, cantaloupe, and avocado may help protect the inner, edible portion from absorbing pesticides.

Dirty Dozen:Buy these organic

• Apples
• Celery
• Strawberries
• Peaches
• Spinach
• Nectarines, imported
• Grapes, imported
• Sweet bell peppers
• Potatoes
• Blueberries, domestic
• Lettuce
• Kale/collard green

The Clean Fifteen: Lowest in pesticides

• Onions
• Sweet Corn
• Pineapples
• Avocado
• Asparagus
• Sweet peas
• Mangoes
• Eggplant
• Cantaloupe, domestic
• Kiwi
• Cabbage
• Watermelon
• Sweet potatoes
• Grapefruit
• Mushrooms

“Executive Summary | EWG’s Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides | Environmental Working Group | EWG.org.” EWG Home | Environmental Working Group. Web. 06 Feb. 2012. <http://www.ewg.org/foodnews/summary/>.

“Fruits & Veggies More Matters » What’s In Season? Winter.” Fruits & Veggies More Matters. Produce for Better Health Foundation. Web. 06 Feb. 2012. <http://www.fruitsandveggiesmorematters.org/?page_id=795>.

McCullum-Gomez, Christine, and Anne-Marie Scott. “Perspectives on the Benefits of Organic Foods.” Eatright.org. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sept. 2009. Web. Feb. 2012.

“Question of the Day – What Does ‘ Organic’ Mean on a Food Label? – from the Academy.” Eatright.org. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Web. 06 Feb. 2012.    http://www.eatright.org/Public/content.aspx?id=6442451536

Photo © MissingHailstone

Valentine’s Day is fast approaching and many people are concerned as to what they should get their loved ones.

I want to help out those who celebrate the holiday by offering suggestions on fitness-related gift ideas.

Gifts for Her:

• Females love to get new workout clothes! I know it helps me with my motivation in the gym. My favorite brands are Nike, Under Armour, and Lululemon Athletica. (Price range: depending if you hit any sales, expect to spend $25+)
• I am obsessed with my digital food scale! When I prepare my meals every Sunday, my scale helps me determine my perfect portions. I have the EatSmart Precision Pro Digital Kitchen Scale. (Price: $24 on www.amazon.com)
• A purchase I’ve been longing to make is Apple’s iPod 6^th generation nano! Those things are the coolest! You can even wear them as a watch, but they are ideal for clipping on your tank top or sports bra and listening to your favorite tunes while working out. (Price: starts at $129)

 Gifts for Him:

• Make it personal and customize your own energy bars or shakes! Check out YouBars (Prices vary)
• Choose from any BeachBody products like P90X, P90X2, and Insanity! All great at-home workout programs that provide amazing results.
• The next time your man complains of sore muscles, hand him a Dr. Cool & Dr. Hot bag! Head over to Uncommon Goods! (Price: $16)

Nibble on This

If you’re thinking along the lines of chocolate, opt for a darker chocolate as it lowers high blood pressure and contains potent antioxidants. Sweet!

Happy Valentine’s Day to all you lovebirds!

Tip #1: Pack for the Plane

So, the airlines say to arrive two hours ahead of time for your flight. Although, I always end up with about an hour and a half time to kill; like my mother always says, it’s better to be safe than sorry. There aren’t many options of things to do while waiting for your flight or while in the air, which leaves many of us reading, listening to music, or people watching to pass the time.  It seems like, as I look around, everyone is also eating, myself included! While the airport has come a long way with variety and options, let’s face it…everything is overpriced and the truly healthy options are limited. You may not be able to get your liquids through security, however, feel free to pack as many snacks as you like. For my ten hours in the air from Philly to Hawaii, I was sure to pack a good number of mini meals/snacks in order to avoid eating somewhere like Sbarro or committing the ultimate sin…PLANE FOOD! Try some of these awesome ideas to keep you satisfied

1. Emerald 100 calorie pack almonds: With varieties like dry roasted, cinnamon and sugar, dark chocolate cocoa, these snack packs are already portion controlled and portable.  Each pack is an excellent source of Vitamin E, sodium-free and contains fiber and protein to help keep you satisfied.

2. Just add water- protein powder and instant oatmeal: If you want a quick mini meal without a mess, just ask the flight attendant or the nearest Starbucks for a cup of either hot or cold water.  Stir one scoop of protein powder in with cold water or shake into a bottle of spring water to help satisfy you and strengthen your willpower for other high calorie snacks.  To warm your bones on a cool flight, add one cup of hot water to instant oatmeal for a low-calorie nosh in a variety of flavors.  The thought of putting on my bikini in January was enough to help me grab for my oatmeal while they were passing out the warm chocolate chip cookies on my flight! Try this mental image travel tip when you get a craving!

3. Apple: Your mother might say “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” but my motto is “an apple a day keeps your hunger at bay.” Enough said,  keep a few apples in your carry one to fight off hunger.  They contain a ton of nutrients, fiber, and are one of the easiest fruits to travel with since they aren’t messy, don’t bruise easily, and keep well.

Bring Your Gear

Most hotels these days have pretty decent fitness facilities, but if you don’t pack your sneakers, how are you going to break a sweat!?  Make packing your gear a priority and don’t forget about your other gym essentials.  Mine include my ipod and hair ties, but maybe yours is a knee brace or Under Armour.  Whatever it is, don’t give yourself an excuse not be active, or most likely, you’ll use it!

If your hotel or the place you are staying doesn’t provide access to a gym, think ahead.  Easily portable workout equipment include resistance bands or a workout DVD.  Take advantage of the great outdoors and take a walk, jog, or swim.   Utilize the website walkjogrun.net to create a mapped out route no matter what part of the country you’re in.

Start the Day with a Good Breakfast

Watching your intake 100% is hard for anyone, and frankly, I don’t recommend it.  Not giving yourself a little leeway, can often set you up for an all or nothing mentality  Practice moderation and make sure you are active.  Starting the day with a good, healthy, and satisfying breakfast can help you stay on track with good choices and moderation throughout the day.  Packing extra protein powder, fruit and instant oatmeal is a good idea for easy foods you can make in your room, but another good option could actually be the hotel continental breakfast.  Loading up on muffins and danishes isn’t your best bet, but opting for hard-boiled eggs/egg whites, a whole-grain cereal mixed with low-fat yogurt or fruit with cottage cheese can help you stay energized and satisfied throughout the morning and are all fairly common continental breakfast choices.

Find a Grocery Store

Whenever possible, when I reach my location I like to find a grocery store and stock up on some healthy foods for my hotel room.  Some of the items you could find in my mini-fridge/drawers right now include apples, bananas, low-fat Greek yogurt, green pepper slices, Kashi Banana Chocolate Chip Soft n’ Chewy bars (you MUST try these, so good! And contain 1/2 serving fruit & 1/2 serving vegetable each!), and Bumble-bee Lemon & Pepper tuna medley with crackers. Like I said earlier, I’m not a saint when it comes to avoiding all sweet and sinful foods, but at least being prepared with healthy and tasty snacks help me find a happy median.

Use these tips next time you travel and have a happy and healthy vacation!

Interestingly, the worst thing you can do when you develop osteoarthritis or osteoporosis is to become less active. An abundance of research has demonstrated that resistance training is effective for both delaying the effects of osteoporosis and osteoporosis, as well as alleviating and reducing the effects of current bone conditions.

According to the National Strength and Conditioning Association, the best way to exercise for bone health is to perform persistent resistance training exercises. Here are a few tips on how to keep your bones healthier later into your life:

1. Weight-Bearing Exercises Reign Supreme

Like muscles, bones adapt to increases in load and intensity of exercise. When an increased load is placed on the bone, it adapts by becoming stronger and denser so that it can handle future loads of that degree. To force the bone to adapt in the most efficient manner, exercises that bear the entire weight of the body are best. Choose to job instead of cycle, or to do pushups versus using the incline press.

2. Free Weights are Better Than Machines

As a rule, free weights are superior to exercise machines because they force the bones to bear more body weight. You can imagine that performing an overhead press with a bar places a much greater load on the axial skeleton than performing the same exercise on a machine. Free weights have the added effect of targeting the smaller, stabilizer muscles within a given exercise, which can prevent stress on the joints and osteoarthritic conditions later on. Of course, if you suffer from severe osteoarthritis, machines may help you perform certain exercises through controlled ranges of motions without stressing the joints too much. Talk with your physical therapist about what exercises you are capable of performing.

3. Progressively Overload Your Bones

Also similar to muscles, they become stagnant when they are not sufficiently stimulated. Your bones will stop adapting if you stop exercising. Progressively increase the load of your exercises by about 10 percent each week to keep your bones healthy and strong. You will also need to allow for sufficient rest between exercise sessions, and to take a week of exercise off from time to time to allow your body to recover.

4. Calcium and Vitamin D

You’ve probably heard that calcium and vitamin D are crucial for maintaining bone health. It remains true that these micronutrients play the most direct role in preventing bone pores later in life. Calcium helps form the structure of bones and the body uses vitamin D to metabolize and absorb calcium. The best sources of calcium are milk and dairy products, as well as green leafy vegetables. You can get nearly all the vitamin D you need from sun exposure, but vitamin D also exists in fish and eggs.

The one-month period is a critical measuring stick to assess your progress, alter your goals, or consider revamping your resolution entirely. According to a 2010 study in the journal “Sports Health,” most New Year’s resolutions last just two months. It may provide some solace to know that you’re not the only one struggling with your goals at this point, but having this knowledge also allows you to take some precautionary measures to keep you motivated and avoid dropping your program.

Here are some tips, both for those who are struggling and those who are well on their way, to making 2012 the best fitness year of your life.

1. Make Your Resolution Specific and Measurable

We all want to lose weight, gain weight, build muscle, or become healthier. But these are simply dreams, not goals. For a resolution to become an actual goal, it needs to be specific. Research has demonstrated that the more specific and detailed you can make your resolution, the more motivated you will be to achieve it and the more likely you will be to achieve it. Make your resolution as specific and measurable as possible. Don’t just lose weight in 2012. Lose 20 lbs. Don’t just build muscle. Bench 200 lbs.

2. Set a Timeline

As with the specificity of your goals, you may also not have set a timeline for accomplishing this goal other than “sometime in 2012.” You need to take it a step further than that. Have a specific date at which point you’d like to get that goal over and done with, so you can move onto the next one. If you feel that this goal will take the entire year, set several intermediate target dates so you can measure your progress. I suggest one per month.

3. Alter Your Goals

It’s okay, you’re not ditching your program if you need to make your goals a little easier. Just by getting out and exercising more than in 2011, you’re heading in the right direction. But if you’re finding it more difficult to keep your exercise or nutrition program going, make it easier. It’s much better to accomplish an easy goal and feel successful than to feel like a failure for not accomplishing something that you didn’t have at least a moderately reasonable chance of achieving anyways. It always baffles me, but this is the concept that many people don’t seem to get. Goals are just tools and they’re not concrete. You need to use them to your advantage. If your goals are defeating you, it’s okay to pull back on the reigns a little bit. As a rule, a goal should be about 10 to 15 percent harder than your previous level of performance. For example, if you can run a mile in nine minutes, a realistic goal is to run it in eight minutes and ten seconds by your next time point.

4. Reward Yourself

If you’re like me, you berate yourself when you don’t accomplish something but fail to compliment yourself when you’ve done something well. This “never-good-enough” attitude is dangerous when it comes to goal-setting. It’s okay to be hard on yourself from time to time, but ultimately this will wear you down and lead to what sport psychologists call a failure-based goal-setting style. We set goals to avoid failure, not to achieve success. This attitude will never allow you to perform your best, only enough to avoid feeling like what you construe as a failure. Reward yourself when you achieve your goals, but avoid punishing yourself when you don’t. How you reward yourself is up to you, but make sure to acknowledge your own success and efforts.

5. Add Some Social Support

If you’re struggling on your own, involve a friend or family member in your exercise or nutrition plan. Friends and family members can hold you accountable for your program and you can also do the same for them. Sport psychology research has shown that exercising in a social or team environment leads to markedly improved performance and motivation compared with going it solo.

6. Shake it Up

New Year’s resolutions are fun because they inspire us to improve in some way and they make us feel as if we’re stepping into a new “us.” This rejuvenating feeling, however, will fade after awhile and causes many people to rid themselves of their programs or jump to new ones. Don’t completely ditch your program. Simply find ways to mix it up so that your resolution constantly feels fresh and new. If you always exercise in the gym, go hit the mountain or run on the beach. If you’re sick of your nutrition plan and eat the same things everyday, go to a new grocery store or find a bunch of new recipes. Because of practical issues, you probably have to adhere to some sort of routine. But at least once a week, exercise or eat in a way that you never have before. This can even be your reward.

7. Remember Your Purpose

Your purpose for your resolution will keep you motivated when times get tough. Remember why you chose to set a New Year’s resolution. This isn’t your goal itself, but it’s the reason you decided to set the goal in the first place. Maybe you set a goal of losing 20 lbs. because you were generally feeling lousy about yourself. Or maybe you wanted to eat more servings of fruit to avoid getting cancer or to live longer in order to see your grandkids. Your purpose is the one thing that shouldn’t change during your resolution and it will be the one thing that should always provide a sense of motivation. If you don’t know, or don’t remember, what your purpose for changing was, really think on this and try to find one. With a strong sense of purpose, achieving your resolution itself will be almost secondary.

1. Garmin Forerunner 910XT

Why: It’s really, really cool. With all the features of its predecessors, the 910 XT is sleeker, smaller, and has a number of additional functions the previous versions don’t. Most of the previous GPS watches were incredibly bulky, making the watch awkward and annoying — especially if you plan to wear it when not working out. Plus, may people complained that sweat around the wrist caused the watch to malfunction (something I know firsthand from paddling). Apparently the 910XT no longer has that problem, and its barometric altimeter can help improve the mapping data during ascents/descents. Plus, the swim mapping features can be transferred to the kayak stroke — which is perfect for me. At a retail price of $449, however, this is not a cheap toy.

2. A Juicer

Why: Anyone who’s read my posts knows I’m not really into fad diets, but I’ve seen variations of the juice-diet work firsthand. My sister, my sister’s boyfriend, and my mom have all lost over 20 lbs. on juice diets, and have never looked or felt better. I’ve had the juice blends, and they’re quite tasty. If you’re looking for a quick and convenient way to pack an amazing amount of nutrients into a small, low-calorie meal, I highly recommend “juicing.” Juicers range from about $75-$200.

3. Vibram Five Fingers Bikilla LS Shoes

Why: I’ve begun to see these shoes more and more in gyms and on local trails and running routes. Designed to mimc the barefoot marathon runners of Kenya and Ethiopia, I’ve known many people who swear by these and will never return to regular running shoes. Evidently barefoot running, when executed properly, is better for the foot’s natural arch and curvature and many people say these shoes are substantially more comfortable than more traditional versions. Vibram’s latest version was recently named one of the top fitness products of 2011 by Health.com. You can generally find these for under $100.

4. A Lifetime Supply of MET-Rx Bars

Why: I tend to favor “real” food, such as roasted seeds, nuts, and fruit slices to boost my energy during long workouts, but I’ve also used MET-Rx bars for years. As I’ve posted in prior articles, you don’t need nearly as much protein to balance the protein cell degeneration cycle following a workout as nutrition suppliers would have you believe, and carbohydrates are probably more important both during and following a workout. Therefore, high-protein bars aren’t of much value, in my opinion. But I’ve always thought the classic MET-Rx bars have the best flavor and consistency of any workout bar on the market — much more easily dissolvable than the rubbery Power Bar. I recommend these if you don’t have time to prepare a real snack for your workout or training. The classic MET-Rx bar was also named Askmen.com’s top-rated fitness bar in 2011. The chocolate chip cookie dough flavor is my favorite, and a box is about $20.

5. A GoProHD Camera

Why: Ok, this isn’t really a fitness product, but it’s still a really fun toy. The world’s leading sports action camera, the GoPro is ideal for the extreme sports athlete who wants to recapture and relive their physical heroics. So why am I interested in it? Well, I am a kayaker and I’ve found that stopping to pull out a camera from my waterproof compartment is a bit of a hassle. Plus, most waterproof cameras take pretty poor pictures. While the GoProHD cannot match that of a really good non-waterproof camera, it’s close. Plus, with a camera mounted on either my boat or my person, I always feel inspired to work out harder and venture into areas I wouldn’t normally go. This may work for you, too. Like the Garmin, it’s pricey at just under $300.

There’s my list. I’d love to hear about your favorite fitness products as well. And if you’d like to know where you can send me gifts, please send me a message.

Circadian Rhythms

Circadian rhythms are the mental, physical, and behavioral changes that revolve around the 24-hour cycle of our daily lives. Similar to the concept of the “biological clock,” our circadian rhythms are primarily influenced by light cues. All living organisms have circadian rhythms, including people, primates, pets, and plants. Circadian rhythms can affect our body’s sleep cycles, hormone levels, body temperature, and a number of other physiological processes.

Effects on Exercise

In their review, Weipeng, Newton, and McGuigan (2011) found that circadian rhythms can influence your exercise results in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most significant finding was that enhanced exercise performance typically occurred in subjects during the early evening hours. These researchers also found that individual hormones, specifically testosterone and the stress hormone, cortisol, had their own natural circadian rhythms. Past research has shown a direct relationship between these hormones and exercise, with higher levels of testosterone boosting exercise performance, and cortisol hindering it.

Circadian rhythms were also significantly related to body temperature. Past research has demonstrated that prolonged warmups that allow the body to reach higher temperatures resulted in increased power output and decreased fatigue during exercise.

Finally, while Weipeng and colleagues did not discuss the issue of light, other research (e.g., Leproult et al., 1997) has demonstrated that increased lighting can enhance exercise performance, although this finding was significantly related to the amount of exposure time.

What This Means for You

Most people already know that warming up before exercising is wise, as it can prevent injuries. However, increasing body temperature appears to have a hormonal effect that can have you working out longer and harder than you ever thought possible. While each person has his or her own chronotype, or a specific, innate, time of day at which they function best, your hormonal profile is likely to be more conducive to optimal exercise performance during the twilight hours of the day, under bright lights, and after a sufficient warm-up.

If you’re a morning exerciser and find yourself in a lull, try working out in the evening. If you never warm-up before you hit the weights, make sure to get that body temperature up first. Finally, get plenty of sleep. Your body’s master clock, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, controls the production of melatonin, the chemical that makes you feel sleepy. The SCN is located just above the optic nerve, which receives information about the amount of light coming in. When under dim lights, you are more likely to feel sleepy than when under the bright neon lights in the gym. The amount of sleep you receive has a significant effect on your hormone levels, which can be the difference between a good workout day and a bad one.

Remember that core stability training is not the same as performing crunches or other traditional abdominal exercises. While these exercises are effective for improving abdominal strength, they do not improve stability in the lumbopelvic region of the body to the extent of specific ore stability exercises.

Free Weight Core Stability Training

This form of core stability training is performed on stable surfaces with the intention of increasing core strength and power. These exercises are simple and can be performed by just about anyone.

Examples of classic core stability exercises include the plank, side plank, bridge, and superman. Another great core stability exercise is the overhead press, as the muscles of the rectus abdominus must remain activities to maintain posture while the weight is supported overhead.

Perform these classic exercises unilaterally (using only one side of your body) to further improve the core stability effects. For example, perform a one-hand overhead press while standing on one foot.

Unstable Surface Core Stability Training

These exercises are performed on balance boards or air discs. Research has demonstrated higher core muscle activity when performing core exercises on unstable surfaces, as motor units within the smaller, stabilizer muscles must engage to not only lift weight, but maintain posture.

You can turn just about any traditional free weight exercise into a core stability exercise by using an unstable surface. For example, perform biceps curls or shoulder extensions on air discs to engage the core region. The BOSU balance trainer is also a highly effective device for improving core stability. Perform the plank with your feet and hands on air discs to increase the physical demand and core requirements of this exercise.

Swiss Ball Exercises

The Swiss ball is another too that forces the core muscles to activate at a higher rate to maintain spinal posture throughout any exercise. According to Cosio-Lima and colleagues (2003), using a Swiss ball to perform classic free weight exercises results in significantly greater activation of the core musculature.

As with air discs and the BOSU balance trainer, perform the plank, side plank, or overhead press on a Swiss ball. Try maintaining balance on the Swiss ball with your feet off the ground, and then perform shoulder presses, curls, and chest presses to promote core stability.

Medicine Ball Passes

A lesser-used strategy for enhancing core stability is to perform medicine ball throws. You will need a partner to perform many of these exercises, but you can also throw the ball against the wall.

Try the classic medicine ball twist exercise by sitting on the floor with your feet crossed and slightly off the ground. Holding the medicine ball, twist from side to side so you feel a workout in your abdominal muscles. For increased activation of the core musculature, perform this exercise on a Swiss ball (make sure to have your partner help balance the ball). Additional medicine ball exercises include kneeling passes and one leg twist passes, which can be performed on a Swiss ball or suing balance discs as well.

I think I'll stay at home, thank you.

Gyms are great. I love putting on gym clothes, walking to my car, driving 20 minutes, finding a parking sport, doing 30 minutes of cardio, performing a weightlifting circuit, and then heading back out in the cold to drive home again (it’s really cold where I live right now). Since I have so much time to kill in my life, I try to take a one hour workout and turn it into two.

Okay, I’m being a bit tongue-and-cheek. Gyms offer a lot that you can’t find other places. However, if you don’t have time to kill, can’t make it to the gym, or want to avoid paying membership fees, you can get the same — or better — workout by replicating some common exercises at home. Read below to find out how you can substitute some simple body weight exercises for many of the lifts and routines you perform in the gym.

Cardio

This is an easy one. Instead of the exercise bike, you can ride a real bike (gasp!). Or you can go for a jog instead of using a treadmill. The one thing you’ll likely want is some biofeedback, however. I find it motivating to be able to see the distance I’ve covered, my heart rate, and even my power output when working out. You can find a variety of toys that provide this data, but I’ve always really liked Garmin’s products. They’re a bit pricey, but there’s no substitute for a really good GPS system. If you have a smartphone, you can also find a number of apps that will provide this data for you as well.

Resistance Training Exercises

Bench Press

Pushups. These are almost identical to the bench press in both muscles used and plane of motion. When you perform a pushup, you’re supporting about 50 to 70 percent of your body weight. If you weigh 200 lbs., a pushup is the equivalent of benching about 100 to 140 lbs. You can increase the weight of this exercise by wearing a backpack loaded with books. You’ll probably never be able to perfectly replicate the bench if you can lift more than 300 lbs. or so, but you can come close.

Rows

Body pulls. Just like the bench, body pulls are almost identical to rows in the muscles they recruit. However, body pulls work muscles in a different plane of motion. Unless you’re a rower, you probably won’t care much, so go ahead and substitute these exercises for traditional seated and one-arm rows.

You’ll need to find a table or bench about three feet off the ground. Lie on your back and grab the edge of the table or bench. Keeping your body erect, pull yourself up to the top until your arms are completely flexed, then return to the starting position. Similar to the bench, you’re supporting about half your body weight with this exercise, and you can increase the load by wearing a weighted backpack.

Leg Press

Body weight squats. Most people can lift a lot more with their legs than they can with their upper body, so it will be somewhat difficult to load this exercise to replicate what you can do in a gym. To get an effect from this exercise, you’ll want to find a way to squat at least your own body weight (and preferably 1.5 times your body weight). A squat supports about half your body weight, and you can wear a weighted backpack to increase the load. If you weigh 200 lbs., however, you’ll need the pack to weigh at least 100 lbs. to get the same effect as you would with a leg press machine.

Perform a body weight squat by starting with your feet just wider than shoulder width apart. Keeping your back straight, bend at the hips and waist until your thighs are about parallel to the ground. Extend your hips and knees to return to the starting position.

Plyometrics

This is another easy one. Plyometrics are the classic body weight exercise and you can do them just about anywhere. This exercise modality, which capitalizes on the body’s natural stretch-shortening cycle, is highly effective for increasing explosive power. Research is continuing to reveal the effects of these exercises in a variety of sports, and this form of exercise is also a really fun way to burn calories and lose weight.

Plyometrics include workouts such as repeated jumps in one place, multiple forward leaps in straight or diagonal patterns, clap pushups, box jumps and depth jumps. You don’t need any fancy equipment to perform these, and if you’re looking for a fun way to mix up your workout program, I highly recommend them. Aim to perform four to six of these exercises per workout, with about 100 contacts (repetitions) per session.

Olympic Lifts

If you’re an athlete, or are just really into performing more hardcore lifts, Olympic lifts (i.e., snatches and cleans) are for you. These highly complex maneuvers help increase power, and require a great deal of flexibility and coordination. To move the weight you need to compete in major sports, you simply cannot replicate these without being in a gym. But if you’re looking for a fun way to increase power, as well as muscle coordination and speed, consider trying them.

Deadlifts

Though not an actual Olympic lift itself, the deadlift provides the foundation for all Olympic lifts. Start with these, and instead of using a weighted bar, you can easily perform dumbbell deadlifts using paint cans or buckets. Place them on the ground in front of you, with each handle about four to six inches wider than your shoulders. Perform the deadlift as normal, bending at the waist and squatting with the lower body to grasp the handles. Extend your knees and hips fully and then extend your back until it is erect to complete the lift.

Snatches

Because you don’t need much weight to achieve maximum power outputs in Olympic lifts, replicating these maneuvers is simply a matter of finding a convenient weight to grab. Again, paint cans or buckets will do the trick. Perform a snatch in the same manner you’d start a deadlift. Because of the complexity of the movement, only use one arm at a time. Grasp the handle, and as you lift, explosively drive with the legs, hips, and gluteals until the weight is off the ground. Extend your body once the weight reaches the pelvis area. This extension will create enough force that the weight should continue to propel upwards overhead. Your arm should be an extended position overhead when the lift is completed, and your knees should flex to absorb the weight as it returns downwards.

Cleans

Just like snatches, perform these with just one arm using paint cans or a bucket. Begin in the same position you would a deadlift or snatch. Drive the legs, hips, and gluteals to get the weight off the ground. Once the weight reaches the mid-thigh, extend the body, which will propel the weight upwards. As the weight is moving upwards, lower yourself underneath the weight and flip your wrists so your arms are about parallel to the ground. The weight should be resting against the clavicle when the lift is completed, and your knees should be slightly flexed to absorb the weight as it returns to the ground.

I’ve written about some of these diets in other posts, but I want to reiterate that weight-loss is not a secret. Any diet program that claims that losing weight involves the consumption of some “magic bullet” nutrient or avoiding other key macronutrients is likely a gimmick. Not only are they gimmicky, but they are costly. Personally, I find it funny that losing weight — which should actually lower your grocery bill because you are consuming less — ends up costing people thousands of extra dollars each year.

Luckily, you don’t need these costly programs to lose weight. These programs offer nothing you cannot replicate yourself. I will admit that most people I know who go on some of these diet programs do end up losing weight. In fact, some of them shed amazing amounts of weight very quickly. But when I look closely at their diet programs, I quickly realize one of two things. Either the program is physically dangerous, or it is no different than the tried-and-true weight loss strategies that dietitians have know for years. Here’s a closer look at what expensive commercial weight loss programs offer, and how you can replicate similar, or better, diet strategies at home for free.

Motivation

Perhaps the biggest advantage commercial diet programs offer is the psychological benefit. They require you to set goals, monitor your food intake and exercise performance, and many even have counselors and support groups in which you can motivate each other and share stories. They require you to cut calories, exercise more, and stick to your program.

This will be the most difficult part of losing weight yourself, but you can do it. You have to start by setting a goal, and I recommend that your goal have nothing to do with the amount of weight you lose. There are no guarantees that you will lose a certain amount of weight with any program, and this should not be the key determinant of your program’s success. Instead, set  a goal of achieving 30 minutes of aerobic exercise each day. Set another goal of cutting 250 to 500 calories from your diet each day. If you do these things, weight loss will take care of itself.

Monitoring

Most online weight loss programs allow you to record what you eat, enter it into a diary, and some even provide elaborate graphs and charts of your food intake. This simple goal measuring strategy is one of the key reasons commercial diet programs are so effective. They provide a visual representation of your progress, they allow you to see how well you are actually following your program, and they allow you to set new goals.

You can easily keep track of your own food intake. I suggest WebMd or the Mayo Clinic websites, which each have similar tracking systems. You can also simply graph your food intake and exercise patterns in an excel sheet or home diary.

Specific Diet Strategies

Here’s where commercial diet programs begin to veer in many different directions. Low-carb diets are popular because of the misconception that carbohydrates cause weight-gain. Protein-based diets help because protein requires more energy to digest, thus burning more calories. However, the small effect these programs have on your metabolism pales in comparison to the effects of simply cutting calories and increasing activity level.

According to the Mayo Clinic, most commercial diet programs are effective because they emphasize restricting caloric intake and monitoring your food intake. As mentioned above, you can easily do this yourself. Start by following the 3,500-calorie rule — you need to burn 3,500 calories beyond what your take in through food to lose 1 lb. of body fat. This rule may vary slightly from one person to the next, but it’s a great start. If you cut 500 calories from your diet each day, you’ll lose about 1 lb. each week. Burn more calories through exercise, and you’ll lose more.

Quick Weight Loss

Any diet program that advocates losing weight quickly is ill-advised, and places you at risk of nutrient deficiencies and dehydration. For example, much of the weight lost in protein-based diets is from dehydration, not fat. Low-carb diets should actually focus on avoiding simple sugars and foods high in the glycemic index, but not carbohydrates in general. Consuming less than a certain number of carbohydrates each day can limit your intake of certain vitamins and minerals.

Quick weight loss programs are dangerous and you don’t want them. Not only are they dangerous, but they typically do not provide lasting results. Once the weight is gone, many people resort back to their old eating habits. Losing weight slowly allows your body to shed fat rather than water weight or protein stores, and also forces you to engage in healthy physical activities which you can enjoy for the rest of your life. Avoid attempting to lose more than about 1 to 2 lbs. each week if you really care about your body.